python-guide.orgThe Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python! — The Hitchhiker's Guide to Python

The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python! ¶ Greetings, Earthling! Welcome to The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python. This is a living, breathing guide. If you’d like to contribute, fork us on GitHub ! This handcrafted guide exists to provide both novice and expert Python developers a best practice handbook for the installation, configuration, and usage of Python on a daily basis. This guide is opinionated in a way that is almost, but not quite, entirely unlike Python’s official documentation. You won’t find a list of every Python web framework available here. Rather, you’ll find a nice concise list of highly recommended options. Note The use of Python 3 is highly recommended over Python 2. Consider upgrading your applications and infrastructures if you find yourself still using Python 2 in production today. If you are using Python 3, congratulations — you are indeed a person of excellent taste. — Kenneth Reitz Let’s get started! But first, let’s make sure you know where your towel is. Getting Started with Python ¶ New to Python? Let’s properly setup up your Python environment: Picking a Python Interpreter (3 vs 2) The State of Python (3 & 2) Recommendations So…. 3? Implementations Properly Install Python on your system: Properly Installing Python Installing Python 3 on Mac OS X Installing Python 3 on Windows Installing Python 3 on Linux Installing Python 2 on Mac OS X Installing Python 2 on Windows Installing Python 2 on Linux Using Virtualenvs with Pipenv: Pipenv & Virtual Environments Make sure you’ve got Python & pip Installing Pipenv Installing packages for your project Using installed packages Next steps Lower level: virtualenv Basic Usage Other Notes virtualenvwrapper virtualenv-burrito direnv Python Development Environments ¶ This part of the guide focuses on the Python development environment, and the best-practice tools that are available for writing Python code. Your Development Environment Text Editors IDEs Interpreter Tools Other Tools Pipenv & Virtual Environments Make sure you’ve got Python & pip Installing Pipenv Installing packages for your project Using installed packages Next steps Lower level: virtualenv Basic Usage Other Notes virtualenvwrapper virtualenv-burrito direnv Further Configuration of pip and Virtualenv Requiring an active virtual environment for pip Caching packages for future use Writing Great Python Code ¶ This part of the guide focuses on the best-practices for writing Python code. Structuring Your Project Structure of the Repository Structure of Code is Key Modules Packages Object-oriented programming Decorators Context Managers Dynamic typing Mutable and immutable types Vendorizing Dependencies Runners Further Reading Code Style General concepts Idioms Zen of Python PEP 8 Conventions Reading Great Code Documentation Project Documentation Project Publication Code Documentation Advice Other Tools Testing Your Code The Basics Tools Logging … or Print? Logging in a Library Logging in an Application Common Gotchas Mutable Default Arguments Late Binding Closures Bytecode (.pyc) Files Everywhere! Choosing a License Scenario Guide for Python Applications ¶ This part of the guide focuses on tool and module advice based on different scenarios. Network Applications HTTP Distributed Systems Web Applications & Frameworks Context Frameworks Web Servers WSGI Servers Server Best Practices Hosting Templating HTML Scraping Web Scraping lxml and Requests Command-line Applications Click docopt Plac Cliff Cement Python Fire GUI Applications Camelot Cocoa GTk PyGObject aka (PyGi) Kivy PyObjC PySide PyQt Pyjs Desktop (formerly Pyjamas Desktop) Qt PySimpleGUI Toga Tk wxPython Databases DB-API SQLAlchemy Records PugSQL Django ORM peewee PonyORM SQLObject Networking Twisted PyZMQ gevent Systems Administration Fabric Salt Psutil Ansible Chef Puppet Blueprint Buildout Shinken Continuous Integration Why? Jenkins Buildbot Tox Travis-CI Speed Context C Extensions Concurrency Scientific Applications Context Tools Libraries Resources Image Manipulation Python Imaging Library Open Source Computer Vision Data Serialization What is data serialization? Flat vs. Nested data Serializing Text Binary Protobuf XML parsing untangle xmltodict xmlschema JSON Parsing JSON Cryptography cryptography GPGME bindings Machine Learning SciPy Stack scikit-learn Interfacing with C/C++ Libraries C Foreign Function Interface ctypes SWIG Boost.Python Shipping Great Python Code ¶ This part of the guide focuses on sharing and deploying your Python code. Publishing Your Code Creating a Project Repo on GitHub When Your Project Grows Packaging Your Code Alternatives to Packaging For Python Developers For Linux Distributions Freezing Your Code Alternatives to Freezing Comparison of Freezing Tools Windows OS X Linux Additional Notes ¶ This part of the guide, which is mostly prose, begins with some background information about Python, and then focuses on next steps. Introduction About This Guide The Community BDFL Python Software Foundation PEPs Python Conferences Python User Groups Online Communities Python Job Boards Learning Python Beginner Intermediate Advanced For Engineers and Scientists Miscellaneous Topics References Documentation Official Documentation Read the Docs pydoc News PyCoder’s Weekly Real Python Planet Python /r/python Talk Python Podcast Python Bytes Podcast Python Weekly Python News Import Python Weekly Awesome Python Newsletter Note Notes defined within all diatonic and chromatic musical scales have been intentionally excluded from this list of additional notes. Additionally, this note. Contribution notes and legal information (for those interested). Contribute Style Guide Todo List License The Guide Style Guide Relevancy Headings Prose Code Examples Externally Linking Linking to Sections in The Guide Notes and Warnings TODOs This opinionated guide exists to provide both novice and expert Python developers a best practice handbook to the installation, configuration, and usage of Python on a daily basis. O’Reilly Book This guide is now available in tangible book form! All proceeds are being directly donated to the DjangoGirls organization. Contributors This guide is the result of the collaboration of hundreds of people around the world, and your contributions are welcome ! Useful Links The Guide Website The Guide @ GitHub Issue Tracker The Guide as a PDF Translations English French Chinese Japanese Korean Filipino Brazilian Portuguese Quick search ©2011-2023 Kenneth Reitz & Real Python . CC BY-NC-SA...